Netzwerk-Modularität ist die Praxis, Netzwerke als vernetzte, zielgerichtete Segmente zu gestalten, anstatt monolithische Strukturen. Jedes Modul dient einer bestimmten Funktion, hat definierte Grenzen und verbindet sich über gut verstandene Schnittstellen mit benachbarten Modulen. Dieser Ansatz verwandelt Netzwerkdesign aus einer Kunst in eine wiederholbare Ingenieurdisziplin.
Die Kraft der Modularität liegt in ihrer Fähigkeit zu schaffenvorhersehbare musterdie sich durchweg über den gesamten infrastruktur-fußabdruck einer organisation anwenden lässt – ob es sich um zehntausende kleiner standorte, tausende mittlerer standorte oder hunderte von großen unternehmens-campuses handelt.
| Vorteile | Small Sites | Medium Sites | Large Sites | .. |Vereinfachte Fehlerbehebung| Einzelingenieur kann ganze Topologie verstehen | Teams können sich auf Modul | Klare Eskalationswege zwischen Modulbesitzern | |Vorhersehbare SkalierungFügen Sie Module nach Bedarf hinzu | Clone-erprobte Muster | Erweitern ohne Umgestaltung | |Kontinuierliche Sicherheit| Gleiche Politiken überall | Gleiche Compliance-Bewahrung | Zulässige Grenzen | |Betriebseffizienz| Vorlagebasierter Einsatz | Automatisierte Bereitstellung | Standardisiertes Änderungsmanagement | |Kostenkontrolle| Rechte Größe jedes Modul | Bulk Einkauf nach Modultyp | Lifecycle Management by tier |
Organisationen bleiben selten statisch. Ein modulares Design muss unterbringen:
Ohne Modularität wird jede Seite zu einer einzigartigen Schneeflocke, die benutzerdefinierte Dokumentation, spezialisierte Ausbildung und einmalige Fehlersuche erfordert. Mit Modularität kann ein Ingenieur, der das Muster versteht, an jedem Ort effektiv arbeiten.
Das Internet Edge ist, wo Ihre Organisation die Außenwelt trifft. Dieses Modul enthält:
@startuml Internet Edge Module
!define ICONURL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Roemer/plantuml-office/master/office2014
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
skinparam handwritten false
nwdiag {
internet [shape = cloud, description = "Internet"];
network ISP_Transit {
address = "VLAN 10-12"
color = "#FFE4E1"
description = "ISP/MPLS Transit"
internet;
ISP_A [description = "ISP-A\nCircuit"];
ISP_B [description = "ISP-B\nCircuit"];
MPLS [description = "MPLS\nCircuit"];
}
network Edge_Router_Segment {
address = "VLAN 10,11,12"
color = "#E6E6FA"
description = "Edge Router Aggregation"
ISP_A;
ISP_B;
MPLS;
Edge_Router [description = "Edge Router\n(BGP Peering)"];
}
network FW_Outside {
address = "VLAN 100"
color = "#FFFACD"
description = "Firewall Outside"
Edge_Router;
FW_Primary [description = "Firewall\nPrimary"];
FW_Secondary [description = "Firewall\nSecondary"];
}
network FW_HA_Sync {
address = "VLAN 101"
color = "#F0FFF0"
description = "HA Sync Link"
FW_Primary;
FW_Secondary;
}
network FW_Inside {
address = "VLAN 102"
color = "#E0FFFF"
description = "To Internal Edge"
FW_Primary;
FW_Secondary;
}
}
@enduml
Schlüsselprinzipien:
Für mittlere und große Standorte bietet der Interne Rand eine Aggregationsschicht für Dienste, die eine kontrollierte Exposition erfordern oder als Übergangsstellen zwischen Sicherheitszonen dienen.
@startuml Internal Edge Module
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
nwdiag {
network From_Internet_Edge {
address = "VLAN 102"
color = "#E0FFFF"
description = "From Firewall Inside"
IntEdge_A [description = "Internal Edge\nSwitch A"];
IntEdge_B [description = "Internal Edge\nSwitch B"];
}
network MCLAG_Peer {
address = "Peer-Link"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "MCLAG/vPC Peer"
IntEdge_A;
IntEdge_B;
}
network WLC_Mgmt {
address = "VLAN 200 - 10.x.200.0/24"
color = "#FFE4B5"
description = "WLC Management"
IntEdge_A;
IntEdge_B;
WLC [description = "Wireless LAN\nController"];
}
network Proxy_Farm {
address = "VLAN 201 - 10.x.201.0/24"
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "Proxy Services"
IntEdge_A;
IntEdge_B;
Proxy [description = "Web Proxy\nServers"];
}
network VPN_Services {
address = "VLAN 202 - 10.x.202.0/24"
color = "#E6E6FA"
description = "VPN Termination"
IntEdge_A;
IntEdge_B;
VPN [description = "VPN\nConcentrator"];
}
network Infrastructure {
address = "VLAN 204 - 10.x.204.0/24"
color = "#F0FFF0"
description = "Infrastructure Services"
IntEdge_A;
IntEdge_B;
DNS_DHCP [description = "DNS/DHCP\nServers"];
}
network To_Core {
address = "VLAN 205"
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "Core Transit"
IntEdge_A;
IntEdge_B;
}
}
@enduml
Dienstleistungen Typischerweise im Innenrand:
Der Core ist das schnelle Rückgrat, das alle anderen Module miteinander verbindet. Es sollte optimiert werden für:
@startuml Core Module
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
nwdiag {
network From_Internal_Edge {
address = "L3 Routed"
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "From Internal Edge"
Core_A [description = "Core Switch A\n100G Backbone"];
Core_B [description = "Core Switch B\n100G Backbone"];
}
network Core_Interconnect {
address = "100G+ ISL"
color = "#FFB6C1"
description = "High-Speed Interconnect\nOSPF/IS-IS/BGP"
Core_A;
Core_B;
}
network To_Distribution_1 {
address = "L3 P2P"
color = "#98FB98"
description = "Building A"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Dist_1 [description = "Distribution 1\n(L3 Adjacent)"];
}
network To_Distribution_2 {
address = "L3 P2P"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "Building B"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Dist_2 [description = "Distribution 2\n(MCLAG)"];
}
network To_Distribution_3 {
address = "L3 P2P"
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "Building C"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Dist_3 [description = "Distribution 3\n(MCLAG)"];
}
network To_DC_Border {
address = "L3 Routed"
color = "#87CEEB"
description = "Datacenter"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Border_Leaf [description = "Border Leaf\n(DC Fabric)"];
}
}
@enduml
Kernprinzipien:
Die Verteilungsschicht aggregiert Zugriff schaltet und durchsetzt Politik. Hier haben Netzwerkdesign-Auswahlen die meisten Variationen basierend auf Standortanforderungen.
Bei dieser Ausgestaltung sind die Verteilungs- und ZugriffsschichtenL3 benachbart— jeder Zugriffsschalter hat ein eigenes IP-Subnetz und Routen direkt zur Verteilung.
@startuml Distribution Variation 1 - L3 Adjacent
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
nwdiag {
network From_Core {
address = "L3 ECMP"
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "From Core Layer"
Dist_A [description = "Distribution A\n(L3 Router)"];
Dist_B [description = "Distribution B\n(L3 Router)"];
}
network Dist_iBGP {
address = "iBGP Peering"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "ECMP/iBGP"
Dist_A;
Dist_B;
}
network P2P_Access_1 {
address = "10.x.2.0/30"
color = "#98FB98"
description = "L3 Point-to-Point"
Dist_A;
Dist_B;
Access_1 [description = "Access SW-1\n(L3 Gateway)"];
}
network P2P_Access_2 {
address = "10.x.2.8/30"
color = "#FFE4B5"
description = "L3 Point-to-Point"
Dist_A;
Dist_B;
Access_2 [description = "Access SW-2\n(L3 Gateway)"];
}
network P2P_Access_3 {
address = "10.x.2.16/30"
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "L3 Point-to-Point"
Dist_A;
Dist_B;
Access_3 [description = "Access SW-3\n(L3 Gateway)"];
}
network User_VLAN_1 {
address = "10.x.32.0/24"
color = "#F0FFF0"
description = "Users - SW1"
Access_1;
Laptop_1 [description = "Laptops"];
Phone_1 [description = "Phones"];
}
network User_VLAN_2 {
address = "10.x.33.0/24"
color = "#FFF0F5"
description = "Users - SW2"
Access_2;
Laptop_2 [description = "Laptops"];
Camera_2 [description = "Cameras"];
}
network User_VLAN_3 {
address = "10.x.34.0/24"
color = "#F5FFFA"
description = "Users - SW3"
Access_3;
Laptop_3 [description = "Workstations"];
Camera_3 [description = "Cameras"];
}
}
@enduml
Subnet Allocation Beispiel:
| Link | Subnet | |------------------- | Verteilung auf Kern | 10.x.1.0/30, 10.x.1.4/30 | | Dist-A zu Access-1 | 10.x.2.0/30 | | Dist-B zu Access-1 | 10.x.2.4/30 | | Access-1 Benutzer VLAN | 10.x.32.0/24 | | Access-2 Benutzer VLAN | 10.x.33.0/24 |
Vorteile:
Erwägungen:
Dieses Design verwendetMulti-Chassis Link Aggregation (MCLAG)bei verteilung mitLACP-Anleihenzutrittsschalter mit angeschlossenen VLANs.
Terminologie des Verkäufers: Cisco nennt diesen vPC (Virtual Port Channel), Arista verwendet MLAG, Juniper verwendet MC-LAG und HPE/Aruba verwendet VSX. Das funktionale Verhalten ist ähnlich gegenüber Anbietern.
@startuml Distribution Variation 2 - MCLAG
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
nwdiag {
network From_Core {
address = "L3 Routed Uplinks"
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "From Core Layer"
Dist_A [description = "Distribution A\n(MCLAG Member)"];
Dist_B [description = "Distribution B\n(MCLAG Member)"];
}
network MCLAG_Peer_Link {
address = "Peer-Link"
color = "#FFB6C1"
description = "MCLAG/vPC Peer-Link"
Dist_A;
Dist_B;
}
network LACP_To_Access {
address = "Po1 - LACP Trunk"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "VLANs 100,110,120 Trunked"
Dist_A;
Dist_B;
Access_1 [description = "Access SW-1\n(L2 Switch)"];
}
network Data_VLAN {
address = "VLAN 100 - 10.x.32.0/24"
color = "#98FB98"
description = "Data VLAN"
Access_1;
Laptops [description = "Laptops\nWorkstations"];
}
network Voice_VLAN {
address = "VLAN 110 - 10.x.64.0/24"
color = "#FFE4B5"
description = "Voice VLAN"
Access_1;
Phones [description = "IP Phones"];
}
network Security_VLAN {
address = "VLAN 120 - 10.x.96.0/24"
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "Security VLAN"
Access_1;
Cameras [description = "Cameras\nBadge Readers"];
}
}
@enduml
SVI Platzierung (VRRP VIP auf Verteilungspaar):
VLAN Trunk Konfiguration:
| Port-Channel | VLANs | Reiseziel | ------------------------ | Po1 (MCLAG) | 100,110,120 | Access-1 | | Po2 (MCLAG) | 100,110,120,130 | Zugang-2 | | Po3 (MCLAG) | 100,110 | Zugang-3 | | Native VLAN 999 999 (ungenutzt) | — |
MCLAG Vorteile:
Erwägungen:
In Rechenzentren wird die Verteilungsschicht zumGrenzblattverbinden der wirbelsäule/blattgewebe mit dem rest des unternehmensnetzwerks.
@startuml Distribution Variation 3 - Border Leaf Datacenter
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
nwdiag {
network Enterprise_Core {
address = "L3 Routed (eBGP/OSPF)"
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "From Enterprise Core"
Border_A [description = "Border Leaf A\nVXLAN Gateway"];
Border_B [description = "Border Leaf B\nVXLAN Gateway"];
}
network Border_EVPN {
address = "VXLAN EVPN"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "EVPN Type-5 Routes"
Border_A;
Border_B;
Spine_1 [description = "Spine 1"];
Spine_2 [description = "Spine 2"];
}
network Spine_Fabric {
address = "eBGP Underlay"
color = "#FFB6C1"
description = "Spine Layer"
Spine_1;
Spine_2;
}
network Leaf_Tier_1 {
address = "VTEP"
color = "#98FB98"
description = "Compute Rack 1"
Spine_1;
Spine_2;
Leaf_1 [description = "Leaf 1"];
Leaf_2 [description = "Leaf 2"];
}
network Leaf_Tier_2 {
address = "VTEP"
color = "#FFE4B5"
description = "Storage/Services"
Spine_1;
Spine_2;
Leaf_3 [description = "Leaf 3"];
Leaf_4 [description = "Leaf 4"];
}
network Server_Rack_1 {
address = "VNI 10001"
color = "#F0FFF0"
description = "Compute Servers"
Leaf_1;
Leaf_2;
Servers_1 [description = "Rack Servers\nVMs/Containers"];
}
network Storage_Network {
address = "VNI 10002"
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "Storage Arrays"
Leaf_3;
Storage [description = "SAN/NAS\nStorage"];
}
network Voice_Services {
address = "VNI 10003"
color = "#E6E6FA"
description = "UC Systems"
Leaf_4;
PBX [description = "PBX/UC\nSystems"];
}
}
@enduml
Datacenter Stoff Details:
| Komponente | Funktion | |------------------------ |Untergang| eBGP (ASN pro Schalter) oder OSPF | |Overlay| VXLAN mit EVPN Steuerebene | |Grenzblatt| VXLAN-zu-VLAN Gateway, Externe Routen, Inter-VRF Routing | |Blattlasten| Compute, Storage, Voice/UC, Infrastructure |
Vorteile:
Erwägungen:
Die Access-Schicht ist, wo Endgeräte verbinden. Unabhängig von der Verteilungstopologie bieten Zugriffsschalter:
@startuml Access Layer Module
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
nwdiag {
network Distribution_Uplink {
address = "L3 or LACP Trunk"
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "Uplinks to Distribution"
Access_SW [description = "48-Port Access Switch\nPoE+ Capable"];
}
network Data_VLAN {
address = "VLAN 100 - Ports 1-8, 25-32"
color = "#98FB98"
description = "Data VLAN"
Access_SW;
Laptops [description = "Laptops\nWorkstations"];
}
network Voice_VLAN {
address = "VLAN 110 - Ports 9-16"
color = "#FFE4B5"
description = "Voice VLAN"
Access_SW;
Phones [description = "IP Phones"];
}
network Camera_VLAN {
address = "VLAN 120 - Ports 17-24"
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "Security VLAN"
Access_SW;
Cameras [description = "IP Cameras"];
}
network Wireless_VLAN {
address = "VLAN 130 - Ports 33-40"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "Wireless AP VLAN"
Access_SW;
APs [description = "Wireless APs"];
}
network Mgmt_VLAN {
address = "VLAN 999 - Ports 41-44"
color = "#F0FFF0"
description = "Management VLAN"
Access_SW;
}
}
@enduml
Access Layer Security Features:
So verbinden sich alle Module zu einem kompletten Unternehmensnetzwerk:
@startuml Complete Modular Network Topology
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
title Complete Enterprise Modular Network
nwdiag {
internet [shape = cloud, description = "Internet/WAN"];
network Internet_Edge {
address = "Module 1"
color = "#FFE4E1"
description = "INTERNET EDGE MODULE"
internet;
ISP_A [description = "ISP-A"];
ISP_B [description = "ISP-B"];
MPLS [description = "MPLS"];
Edge_RTR [description = "Edge Router"];
FW_A [description = "FW-A"];
FW_B [description = "FW-B"];
}
network Internal_Edge {
address = "Module 2"
color = "#E6E6FA"
description = "INTERNAL EDGE / DMZ MODULE"
FW_A;
FW_B;
IntEdge_A [description = "IntEdge-A"];
IntEdge_B [description = "IntEdge-B"];
WLC [description = "WLC"];
Proxy [description = "Proxy"];
VPN [description = "VPN"];
DNS [description = "DNS/DHCP"];
}
network Core {
address = "Module 3"
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "CORE MODULE"
IntEdge_A;
IntEdge_B;
Core_A [description = "Core-A"];
Core_B [description = "Core-B"];
}
network Distribution_L3 {
address = "Variation 1"
color = "#98FB98"
description = "DIST - L3 Adjacent\n(Building A)"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Dist_1A [description = "Dist-1A"];
Dist_1B [description = "Dist-1B"];
Access_L3 [description = "Access\n(L3)"];
}
network Distribution_MCLAG {
address = "Variation 2"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "DIST - MCLAG\n(Building B)"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Dist_2A [description = "Dist-2A"];
Dist_2B [description = "Dist-2B"];
Access_L2 [description = "Access\n(L2)"];
}
network Datacenter {
address = "Variation 3"
color = "#FFE4B5"
description = "DATACENTER\n(Spine/Leaf)"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Border_Leaf [description = "Border\nLeaf"];
Spine [description = "Spine"];
Leaf [description = "Leaf"];
Servers [description = "Servers\nStorage\nPBX"];
}
network Campus_Users {
address = "End Devices"
color = "#F0FFF0"
description = "Campus Users"
Access_L3;
Access_L2;
Users [description = "Laptops\nPhones\nCameras"];
}
}
@enduml
Wenn Netzwerke wachsen, um mehrere Sicherheitszonen, Geschäftseinheiten oder Compliance-Grenzen einschließen,VRF (Virtual Routing und Forwarding)stellt Routentabellenisolation bereit. Die Erweiterung von VRFs durch mehrere Ebenen bringt jedoch Komplexität:
Ein gut gestaltetes Subnet-Schema macht Muster erkennbar, wodurch kognitive Last- und Konfigurationsfehler reduziert werden.
Standortvergabe:10.0.0.0/13 (Hersteller Site Alpha) - 524.286 nutzbare Gastgeber
@startuml VRF Subnet Schema
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
title Large Site VRF Allocation Schema (10.0.0.0/13)
nwdiag {
network Corporate_VRF {
address = "VRF: CORPORATE\n10.0.0.0/17"
color = "#98FB98"
description = "Production Users"
Corp_Transit [description = "Transit\n10.0.0.0/23"];
Corp_Users [description = "Users\n10.0.32.0/19"];
Corp_Voice [description = "Voice\n10.0.64.0/19"];
Corp_Wireless [description = "Wireless\n10.0.96.0/19"];
Corp_Server [description = "Servers\n10.0.112.0/20"];
}
network Guest_VRF {
address = "VRF: GUEST\n10.1.0.0/17"
color = "#FFE4B5"
description = "Visitor Network"
Guest_Transit [description = "Transit\n10.1.0.0/23"];
Guest_Users [description = "Users\n10.1.32.0/19"];
}
network Security_VRF {
address = "VRF: SECURITY\n10.2.0.0/17"
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "Physical Security"
Sec_Transit [description = "Transit\n10.2.0.0/23"];
Sec_Camera [description = "Cameras\n10.2.32.0/19"];
Sec_Badge [description = "Badge Readers\n10.2.64.0/19"];
Sec_NVR [description = "NVR/VMS\n10.2.96.0/20"];
}
network IOT_VRF {
address = "VRF: IOT\n10.3.0.0/17"
color = "#E6E6FA"
description = "Manufacturing OT"
IOT_Transit [description = "Transit\n10.3.0.0/23"];
IOT_PLC [description = "PLCs\n10.3.32.0/19"];
IOT_HMI [description = "HMIs\n10.3.64.0/19"];
IOT_SCADA [description = "SCADA\n10.3.96.0/20"];
}
}
@enduml
Transit Segment Detail (10.0.0.0/23 - 510 nutzbare IPs):
| Subnet | Link Beschreibung | |---------------------------- | 10.0.0.0/30 | FW-Inside → Intern-Edge-A | | 10.0.0.4/30 | FW-Inside → Intern-Edge-B | | 10.0.0.8/30 | Intern-Edge-A → Core-A | | 10.0.0.12/30 | Intern-Edge-A → Core-B | | 10.0.0.16/30 | Intern-Edge-B → Core-A | | 10.0.0.20/30 | Intern-Edge-B → Core-B | | 10.0.0.24/30 | Core-A → Distribution-A | | 10.0.0.28/30 | Core-A → Distribution-B | | 10.0.0.32/30 | Core-B → Distribution-A | | 10.0.0.36/30 | Core-B → Distribution-B | | 10.0.0.40/30 | Distribution-A → Access-SW-1 | | 10.0.0.44/30 | Distribution-B → Access-SW-1 | | ... | (Pattern fährt fort) |
Anmerkung:/31 Subnetze (RFC 3021) können auch für Punkt-zu-Punkt-Verbindungen verwendet werden, die den Adressraum konservieren.
Wenn Subnet-Muster über VRF konsistent sind:
| Was Sie wissen | Was Sie können Infer | |---------------------------------------- | Transit-Link in Corporate verwendet 10.0.0.40/30 | Gastäquivalent ist 10.1.0.40/30 | | Access-SW-5 Benutzer sind auf 10.0.36.0/24 | Sicherheitskameras auf demselben Schalter sind 10.2.36.0/24 | | Site Alpha ist 10.0.0.0/13 | Site Beta könnte 10.8.0.0/13 |
Dies ermöglicht Ingenieuren:
@startuml Small Site Template
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
title Small Site Template (< 50 users)
nwdiag {
internet [shape = cloud];
network WAN {
color = "#FFE4E1"
description = "ISP/MPLS Circuit"
internet;
UTM [description = "UTM/SD-WAN\nAppliance\n(Router+FW+VPN+WLC)"];
}
network LAN {
address = "10.100.x.0/24"
color = "#98FB98"
description = "Single Subnet"
UTM;
Access [description = "Access Switch\n(or UTM ports)"];
}
network Endpoints {
color = "#F0FFF0"
description = "End Devices"
Access;
AP [description = "WiFi AP"];
Users [description = "Users"];
Phones [description = "Phones"];
}
}
@enduml
Small Site Design Hinweise:
@startuml Medium Site Template
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
title Medium Site Template (50-500 users)
nwdiag {
internet [shape = cloud];
network WAN_Edge {
color = "#FFE4E1"
description = "Internet Edge"
internet;
ISP_A [description = "ISP-A"];
ISP_B [description = "ISP-B/MPLS"];
Edge_RTR [description = "Edge Router"];
}
network Firewall_Tier {
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "Firewall HA Pair"
Edge_RTR;
FW_A [description = "FW-A"];
FW_B [description = "FW-B"];
}
network Distribution {
address = "10.50.x.0/21"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "MCLAG Distribution\n(Dist/Core Combined)"
FW_A;
FW_B;
Dist_A [description = "Dist-A"];
Dist_B [description = "Dist-B"];
}
network Access_Tier {
color = "#98FB98"
description = "Access Switches (LACP)"
Dist_A;
Dist_B;
Acc1 [description = "Acc1"];
Acc2 [description = "Acc2"];
Acc3 [description = "Acc3"];
Acc4 [description = "Acc4"];
Acc5 [description = "Acc5"];
}
network Users {
color = "#F0FFF0"
description = "End Devices"
Acc1;
Acc2;
Acc3;
Acc4;
Acc5;
Endpoints [description = "Laptops/Phones\nCameras/APs"];
}
}
@enduml
Medium Site Design Hinweise:
@startuml Large Site Template
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
title Large Site Template (500+ users)
nwdiag {
internet [shape = cloud];
network Internet_Edge {
color = "#FFE4E1"
description = "INTERNET EDGE MODULE"
internet;
ISP_A [description = "ISP-A"];
ISP_B [description = "ISP-B"];
MPLS [description = "MPLS"];
Edge_RTR [description = "Edge-RTR"];
FW_A [description = "FW-A"];
FW_B [description = "FW-B"];
}
network Internal_Edge {
color = "#E6E6FA"
description = "INTERNAL EDGE MODULE"
FW_A;
FW_B;
IntEdge_A [description = "IntEdge-A"];
IntEdge_B [description = "IntEdge-B"];
WLC [description = "WLC"];
Proxy [description = "Proxy"];
VPN [description = "VPN"];
DNS [description = "DNS"];
}
network Core {
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "CORE MODULE"
IntEdge_A;
IntEdge_B;
Core_A [description = "Core-A"];
Core_B [description = "Core-B"];
}
network Dist_Var1 {
color = "#98FB98"
description = "L3 Adjacent"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Dist_1 [description = "Dist-1"];
Access_1 [description = "Access"];
}
network Dist_Var2 {
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "MCLAG Trunk"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Dist_2 [description = "Dist-2"];
Access_2 [description = "Access"];
}
network Dist_Var3 {
color = "#FFE4B5"
description = "MCLAG Trunk"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Dist_3 [description = "Dist-3"];
Access_3 [description = "Access"];
}
network Datacenter {
color = "#87CEEB"
description = "SPINE/LEAF DC"
Core_A;
Core_B;
Border [description = "Border-Leaf"];
Spine [description = "Spine"];
Leaf [description = "Leaf"];
Servers [description = "Servers"];
}
}
@enduml
Große Site Design Hinweise:
Wenn Segmente sich durch mehrere Zeichner erstrecken müssen, fügt jede L3 Begrenzung Konfigurations-Overhead hinzu:
@startuml Multi-VRF Path Through Tiers
skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
title Multi-VRF Traffic Path: Camera to NVR
nwdiag {
network Camera_Segment {
address = "VLAN 120\n10.2.36.0/24"
color = "#FFDAB9"
description = "VRF: SECURITY"
Camera [description = "Camera"];
Access_SW [description = "Access-SW\nSub-int: 10.2.0.40/30"];
}
network Access_to_Dist {
address = "10.2.0.40/30"
color = "#DDA0DD"
description = "VRF: SECURITY"
Access_SW;
Distribution [description = "Distribution\nSub-int: 10.2.0.24/30"];
}
network Dist_to_Core {
address = "10.2.0.24/30"
color = "#B0E0E6"
description = "VRF: SECURITY"
Distribution;
Core [description = "Core\nSub-int: 10.2.0.8/30"];
}
network Core_to_IntEdge {
address = "10.2.0.8/30"
color = "#E6E6FA"
description = "VRF: SECURITY"
Core;
Internal_Edge [description = "Internal-Edge\nSub-int: 10.2.0.0/30"];
}
network IntEdge_to_FW {
address = "10.2.0.0/30"
color = "#FFE4E1"
description = "VRF: SECURITY"
Internal_Edge;
Firewall [description = "Firewall\nInter-VRF Policy"];
}
network DC_Path {
address = "VXLAN/EVPN"
color = "#87CEEB"
description = "Datacenter Fabric"
Firewall;
Border_Leaf [description = "Border-Leaf"];
Spine [description = "Spine"];
Leaf [description = "Leaf"];
NVR [description = "NVR"];
}
}
@enduml
Konfiguration Overhead:
Ziel des modularen Netzwerkdesigns ist es, einwiederkehrendes musterdas ermöglicht:
| Skala | Websites | Muster | |------------------------ | Small | 10.000+ | Verstrichen UTM + Einzelschalter, /24 pro Seite | | Medium | 1.000+ | Edge + MCLAG Distribution + Zugriff, /21 pro Website | | Large | 100+ | Vollmodul (Edge, Innenrand, Kern, Verteilungsvarianten, DC-Gewebe), /13-/15 pro Aufstellungsort |
Durch die Einrichtung dieser Muster und ihre konsequente Anwendung können Organisationen Netzwerke aufbauen, die von einer einzigen Zweigstelle zu einem globalen Unternehmen skaliert werden – und zwar unter Beibehaltung der betrieblichen Einfachheit und der Sicherheit.
Artikelversion 2.0 | Veröffentlicht 2026-02-02 | Aktualisiert mit PlantUML nwdiag Diagramme