.. заглавие: BGP Decision Process Step-Through Debugger
.. slug: bgp-decision-debugger
.. дата: 2026-03-27 12:00:00 UTC
.. тагове: работа в мрежа, bgp, маршрутизиране, калкулатор, инструмент
.. категория: Калкулатори
.. връзка:
.. описание: Разгледайте всичките 9 BGP критерии за избор на най-добър път стъпка по стъпка. Въведете два конкуриращи се RIB записа и вижте кой критерий избира победителя с присъди за всеки атрибут.
.. тип: текст
<style>
/* ── CANONICAL DESIGN SYSTEM ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
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@media (max-width: 768px) { .input-grid, .peer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .calc-header h2 { font-size: 22px; } .calc-container { padding: 10px; } }
/* Page-specific: BGP debugger two-path input panels */
.peer-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 20px; margin-top: 16px; }
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</style>
<div class="calc-container">
<div class="calc-header">
<h2>BGP Decision Process Step-Through Debugger</h2>
<p>Въведете два конкуриращи се RIB записа и преминете стъпка по стъпка през всичките 9 BGP критерия за най-добър път.</p>
<div class="peer-grid">
<div class="peer-box">
<h4>Път А</h4>
<div class="input-group"><label>Тегло (само Cisco, местно)</label>
<input id="aWeight" max="65535" min="0" type="number" value="100"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>Местни предпочитания</label>
<input id="aLp" max="4294967295" min="0" type="number" value="100"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>С местен произход?</label>
<select id="aLocal"><option value="0">не</option><option value="1">Да (мрежа/агрегат)</option></select></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>AS-дължина на пътя</label>
<input id="aAsp" max="255" min="0" type="number" value="2"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>Произход</label>
<select id="aOrigin"><option value="0">IGP (i)</option><option value="1">EGP (e)</option><option value="2">Непълно (?)</option></select></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>MED</label>
<input id="aMed" max="4294967295" min="0" type="number" value="0"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>Тип сесия</label>
<select id="aType"><option value="e">eBGP</option><option value="i">iBGP</option></select></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>IGP Metric (към следващ хоп)</label>
<input id="aIgp" max="4294967295" min="0" type="number" value="10"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>BGP Router-ID</label>
<input id="aRid" placeholder="10.0.0.1" type="text" value="10.0.0.1"/></div>
</div>
<div class="peer-box b">
<h4>Път Б</h4>
<div class="input-group"><label>Тегло (само Cisco, местно)</label>
<input id="bWeight" max="65535" min="0" type="number" value="100"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>Местни предпочитания</label>
<input id="bLp" max="4294967295" min="0" type="number" value="100"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>С местен произход?</label>
<select id="bLocal"><option value="0">не</option><option value="1">Да (мрежа/агрегат)</option></select></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>AS-дължина на пътя</label>
<input id="bAsp" max="255" min="0" type="number" value="3"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>Произход</label>
<select id="bOrigin"><option value="0">IGP (i)</option><option value="1">EGP (e)</option><option value="2">Непълно (?)</option></select></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>MED</label>
<input id="bMed" max="4294967295" min="0" type="number" value="0"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>Тип сесия</label>
<select id="bType"><option value="e">eBGP</option><option value="i">iBGP</option></select></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>IGP Metric (към следващ хоп)</label>
<input id="bIgp" max="4294967295" min="0" type="number" value="20"/></div>
<div class="input-group"><label>BGP Router-ID</label>
<input id="bRid" placeholder="10.0.0.2" type="text" value="10.0.0.2"/></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="button-container">
<button class="calc-button" onclick="runDebugger()">Стъпка през процеса на вземане на решение</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="result-section" id="resultsSection" style="display:none">
<div class="section-header">Стъпки за избор на най-добър път</div>
<div class="section-content">
<ul class="step-list" id="stepList"></ul>
<div id="winnerBox"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="result-section">
<div class="section-header">Справка за критериите за най-добър път на BGP (RFC 4271)</div>
<div class="section-content">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px">
<tr style="background:#4CAF50;color:white"><th style="padding:7px">стъпка</th><th style="padding:7px">Критерий</th><th style="padding:7px">Победител</th><th style="padding:7px">Бележки</th></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">1</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Тегло</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">По-високо</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Собственост на Cisco, локален към рутера</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">2</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Местни предпочитания</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">По-високо</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">iBGP атрибут, AS-wide политика</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">3</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Местен произход</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Местни победи</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">мрежови/агрегирани команди</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">4</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">AS-дължина на пътя</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">По-кратък</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Може да се деактивира с bgp bestpath as-path ignore</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">5</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Произход</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">IGP &gt; EGP &gt; ?</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">RFC 4271 §9.1.2.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">6</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">MED</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">По-ниска</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Сравнява се само ако същата съседна AS (RFC 4271)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">7</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">eBGP през iBGP</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">eBGP печели</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Предпочитат се външни пътища пред вътрешни</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">8</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">IGP метрика</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">По-ниска</td><td style="padding:7px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee">Цена към BGP следващ хоп през IGP</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:7px">9</td><td style="padding:7px">Router-ID</td><td style="padding:7px">По-ниска</td><td style="padding:7px">Тай-брейк, детерминистичен подбор</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function ipToNum(ip) {
    const parts = ip.trim().split('.').map(Number);
    if (parts.length !== 4 || parts.some(p => isNaN(p) || p < 0 || p > 255)) return null;
    return ((parts[0]<<24)|(parts[1]<<16)|(parts[2]<<8)|parts[3])>>>0;
}

function runDebugger() {
    const get = id => document.getElementById(id);
    const a = {
        weight: parseInt(get('aWeight').value), lp: parseInt(get('aLp').value),
        local: parseInt(get('aLocal').value), asp: parseInt(get('aAsp').value),
        origin: parseInt(get('aOrigin').value), med: parseInt(get('aMed').value),
        type: get('aType').value, igp: parseInt(get('aIgp').value),
        rid: get('aRid').value,
    };
    const b = {
        weight: parseInt(get('bWeight').value), lp: parseInt(get('bLp').value),
        local: parseInt(get('bLocal').value), asp: parseInt(get('bAsp').value),
        origin: parseInt(get('bOrigin').value), med: parseInt(get('bMed').value),
        type: get('bType').value, igp: parseInt(get('bIgp').value),
        rid: get('bRid').value,
    };

    const aRidNum = ipToNum(a.rid);
    const bRidNum = ipToNum(b.rid);
    const resultsSection = document.getElementById('resultsSection');
    resultsSection.style.display = 'block';

    const originName = v => ['IGP (i)','EGP (e)','Incomplete (?)'][v];

    const criteria = [
        {
            name: 'Weight (Cisco)', higher: true, aVal: a.weight, bVal: b.weight,
            aLabel: a.weight, bLabel: b.weight,
            note: 'Higher weight wins. Cisco proprietary, not sent to peers.',
        },
        {
            name: 'Local Preference', higher: true, aVal: a.lp, bVal: b.lp,
            aLabel: a.lp, bLabel: b.lp,
            note: 'Higher local-pref wins. iBGP-propagated, AS-wide policy knob.',
        },
        {
            name: 'Locally Originated', higher: true, aVal: a.local, bVal: b.local,
            aLabel: a.local ? 'Yes' : 'No', bLabel: b.local ? 'Yes' : 'No',
            note: 'Locally originated (network/aggregate) preferred over learned routes.',
        },
        {
            name: 'AS-Path Length', higher: false, aVal: a.asp, bVal: b.asp,
            aLabel: `${a.asp} hops`, bLabel: `${b.asp} hops`,
            note: 'Shorter AS-Path wins.',
        },
        {
            name: 'Origin Code', higher: false, aVal: a.origin, bVal: b.origin,
            aLabel: originName(a.origin), bLabel: originName(b.origin),
            note: 'IGP (i) < EGP (e) < Incomplete (?). Lower numeric value wins.',
        },
        {
            name: 'MED', higher: false, aVal: a.med, bVal: b.med,
            aLabel: a.med, bLabel: b.med,
            note: 'Lower MED wins. Only compared between paths from same neighboring AS (RFC 4271).',
        },
        {
            name: 'eBGP over iBGP',
            aVal: a.type === 'e' ? 0 : 1, bVal: b.type === 'e' ? 0 : 1,
            higher: false,
            aLabel: a.type === 'e' ? 'eBGP' : 'iBGP',
            bLabel: b.type === 'e' ? 'eBGP' : 'iBGP',
            note: 'eBGP paths preferred over iBGP paths.',
        },
        {
            name: 'IGP Metric to Next-Hop', higher: false, aVal: a.igp, bVal: b.igp,
            aLabel: a.igp, bLabel: b.igp,
            note: 'Lower IGP cost to BGP next-hop wins.',
        },
        {
            name: 'BGP Router-ID', higher: false,
            aVal: aRidNum !== null ? aRidNum : 0,
            bVal: bRidNum !== null ? bRidNum : 0,
            aLabel: a.rid, bLabel: b.rid,
            note: 'Lower router-ID wins (final deterministic tie-breaker).',
        },
    ];

    let winner = null;
    const steps = criteria.map((c, i) => {
        let verdict, cls;
        if (winner) {
            // Already decided
            return `<li class="step tie">
                <div class="step-num">${i+1}</div>
                <div class="step-body">
                    <div class="step-name">${c.name}</div>
                    <div class="step-vals">A: ${c.aLabel} | B: ${c.bLabel}</div>
                    <div class="verdict tie">— Skipped (winner already determined) —</div>
                </div>
            </li>`;
        }
        if (c.higher) {
            if (c.aVal > c.bVal) { verdict = 'Path A wins'; cls = 'a'; winner = 'A'; }
            else if (c.bVal > c.aVal) { verdict = 'Path B wins'; cls = 'b'; winner = 'B'; }
            else { verdict = 'Tie — proceed to next criterion'; cls = 'tie'; }
        } else {
            if (c.aVal < c.bVal) { verdict = 'Path A wins'; cls = 'a'; winner = 'A'; }
            else if (c.bVal < c.aVal) { verdict = 'Path B wins'; cls = 'b'; winner = 'B'; }
            else { verdict = 'Tie — proceed to next criterion'; cls = 'tie'; }
        }
        return `<li class="step${winner ? ' decided' : ''}">
            <div class="step-num">${i+1}</div>
            <div class="step-body">
                <div class="step-name">${c.name}</div>
                <div class="step-vals">A: ${c.aLabel} | B: ${c.bLabel}</div>
                <div class="step-vals" style="color:#999;font-size:12px">${c.note}</div>
                <div class="verdict ${cls}">${verdict}</div>
            </div>
        </li>`;
    });

    const winnerBox = winner
        ? `<div class="winner-box${winner === 'B' ? ' b' : ''}">
            <strong>Best Path: Path ${winner}</strong>
           </div>`
        : `<div class="winner-box" style="background:#fff8e0;border-color:#f0a500">
            <strong>Complete tie after all 9 criteria — implementation-specific tiebreaker</strong>
           </div>`;

    document.getElementById('stepList').innerHTML = steps.join('');
    document.getElementById('winnerBox').innerHTML = winnerBox;
}
</script>